[email protected]

1. Introduction In remote rural areas, agricultural irrigation, livestock water supply, and industrial applications, access to and transportation of water are critical challenges. Traditional water pumps rely on the power grid or diesel generators, which are costly to operate and…

1. Introduction With the growing global energy demand, solar energy, as a clean and renewable power source, is becoming an essential electricity solution for households, businesses, and industries. Solar panels (photovoltaic panels) are the core components of a solar energy…